Problems of skin diseases in the newfangled world.

In familiar, all diseases of the fleece can be divided into several dame groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular malady caused near pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most general diseases of the veneer of any age group. These include folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused via pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused close different viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Lingering communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the incrustation, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a passably customary circle of strip diseases caused sooner than various pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a league of skin diseases caused past an allergic incrustation answer to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused principally before changes in the nervous system: itchy fell, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock lingering pelt plague that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Slough, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Diffuse connective network disease characterized by lesions of connective tissue take in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a ailment, the solitary or chief morphological mug of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the skin (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific irritation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa inveterate, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a hereditary shell illness, manifested through divers pathological processes in the fell: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of hull appendages (sebaceous glands, tresses and nails) group seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the skin constitute a contravention of its pigmentation, usually caused past disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For tumors of the incrustation seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the outer layer, basal stall carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus steam +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized by the regular appearance of imaginative boils at exceptional stages of condition in special parts of the body. So, the affliction is defined as a inveterate relapsing inflaming process.
The most customary sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain mostly develops on areas of derma trauma, requite nominal, in the frame of a apart target, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the uniform as that of a one boils (skin contamination, scratches, enormous extravasation of sweat blood and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the immune significance (weakness in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in appropriateness with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Altogether again there are cases where furunculosis is a convolution of other shell diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Distinctive boils upon as single: on the abrade wise grievous pustule appears bright red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the process of growing, it begins to protrude above the conical healthy veneer, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied by way of copious purulent necrotic mass. The process ends with scarring of the hearth.
The discrepancy between single furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may degenerate the serene: fever may come up, the passive complained of inexact irresoluteness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Thinkable complications of the disease usually come out when it is localized on the president (face), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic irritation of the hardly curls follicles, which amalgamate to configuration a single inflammatory infiltrate. As per usual develops as a consequence of the yet factors that simmer (rind contamination, offence, excessive seepage of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The ailment is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most common apartment of bearing formations - the to of the neck, shoulders, rear and debase back.
Since the inflammatory get ready involves a number of skin of one's teeth follicles, the carbuncle, in oppose to the seethe, a few necrotic cores. Inflamed film is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and powered to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of run-of-the-mill requirement of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may ascend to 40 degrees), trouble, nausea or vomiting, harsh cramp at the site of localization of sore, the tolerant feels a general puniness, loss of appetite.
After a certain period revealed an heated follicle, forming a handful openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its locale remains a festering ulcer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rugged star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a sprinkling areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics all over the localization of sore (in the early stages of development), the social of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed past proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a organize of diseases of the outer layer and its appendages (ringlets and nails) caused during pathogenic fungi of distinctive genera. They garrison a weighty order to each the mycoses.
Centre of the fungal diseases be experiencing identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a group of styled past comprehension mycoses. It also includes a unit of psevdomikozov, agents which hold an intermediary status between fungi and bacteria.
The most shared lamina diseases caused away fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These classify husk diseases eidermofitiya abandon rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most common of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can attack not barely the peel of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the maturity of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of exclusive hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regime in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be big on sodden surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less regular keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting only the side areas of the vein corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Among the prominent keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the fell, nails and straight ridges observed in the candidiasis - a complaint caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by means of them in many ways, including the increase of candidiasis is credible with irrational manipulate of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, leading to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are characteristic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when pelt microtraumas. On the fleece, there are miscellaneous bumps, knots, are given to ulceration. The danger of preoccupied fungal infections is that they put on the deeper layers of skin, subcutaneous pile, underlying muscles and in spite of bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried out using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If clench fungus is at times required surgery - removal of infirm nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused past particular types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the pattern of factor: vulgaris (stock) are caused nigh pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative means of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (improper) education are almost always observed in childhood and adolescence. They look like pimples colour pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, extreme interface, whose dimensions vary from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most time after time they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Unmodified warts are found essentially in children and immature adults. They are a multiple curvilinear or egg-shaped papules color with a smooth interface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the fa‡ade, neck, strongbox, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slight superior to before the level of vigorous skin.
Plantar can befall at any age, they instigate the emergence of micro impede unjustifiable sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is usually multiple, plane, firm to the rival with the production of a uncivil surface. Some of them precipitately stabbing, markedly those in the strength of pressure during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and represent the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried free on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative representative of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted by supervise contact (including earthy) and including the expend of standard items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The illness is more garden-variety in preschool children. In persons of midway and ancient discretion blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Then the malady is accompanied sooner than HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an indirect ensign of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The contagion is manifested by way of the appearance of the outer layer percipience of the virus in places, creative, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from individual mm to 1 cm in the center of the component detected a slight indentation. When you click on an matter from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The integer of emerged nodules may be original: single most located on the face, neck, recoil from of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the skin and grouped into short pockets. In the victim of the virus into the cadaver help of erotic conjunction molluscum contagiosum on numerous occasions localized to the pubic neighbourhood, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to coalesce, transforming into a large tumor-like formations with stormy edges - the professed "goliath clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can disappear on their own, but the simultaneous rise of modish elements in the in days awkward areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Impetigo - a continuing condition of the graze, nails and joints, characterized about the appearance on the coating monomorphic rash. The madcap is a slow papules of various sizes that have to merge into stout pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the point in time it is inseparable of the most banal lasting diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is diseased not one the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). In any event, this viewpoint is not scientifically proven.
There are distinct theories regarding the origin of the affliction: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room growth), neurogenic (predisposition of the edgy process) and others.
In psoriatic peel revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis piercing, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the spiculose mitoses found in the papillary dermis - the dilatation of capillaries, the frantic infiltrate.
The evolvement of the bug is characterized by a variety of start: the disability can start almost unnoted before the unswerving with the show of multiple papules and may distinct brisk spread of the skin surface scars. The infection is caused during the seasons: thus, the most standard "winter" sort with exacerbations during the indifferent available, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a impure category of exacerbation which arise at any time of year.
There are a number of forms of the blight: psoriasis routine exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - coat lesions of an fervid personality, resulting from actual collision on it. There are lowly and allergic graze lesions.
The emergence of elementary dermatitis occurs when exposed to pledge stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), sawbones contact (high or crude temperatures - a burn or frostbite, radiation, unconscious emphasis, galvanizing up to date, etc.). The provocative handle develops in the pelt at the instal is strictly stimulus effects, and its hardness depends on the force and location time stimulus, as glowingly as the properties of the lamina and the localization of frenzied lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the pellicle is constantly, you puissance congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A frank manifestation occurs closely after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The exclusive exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of excoriate, a clinical representation that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed group to the stimulus. Allergens are most often chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are for the time being in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg fraction dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic form of the infection is as follows: the skin reddens without the formation of utterly boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or hazy content, which at the opening of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical exact likeness of atopic dermatitis differs from the simple the poop indeed that the elementary affects the epidermis, not only on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. As regards example, the effects of an allergic reply to on one's uppers attribute ink can spread on the face, neck and tranquil chest. Self-centred feelings of the passive is most time again characterized by way of a conspicuous itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the development of talented eminence are changes in the nervous system. Itching - the instinct that causes the necessity to comb the skin. Presumably, this suspicion of affliction, but in modified profile, which occurs when a retiring stimulation of cutaneous guts endings accountable for misery perception. Some scholars bear identified in human skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the overlay;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a breed of pathological lesions of the upset approach, digestive plan, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malignant diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a several of overlay diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In reliable skin diseases, itching is their only clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly studied, but it is known that in its materialization involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized before paroxysmal, his seizures usually crop up in the evening and incessantly time. Is intolerable character, so much a weighed down graze brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or punctually character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (gleam). An one-time staff appears in the hoary (upon 60) and is due to involutional (presenile) processes in the portion including the skin. High-rise is observed when people progress to a acme of past 7000 m greater than sea focus be, it arises as a emerge of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is due to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized by little, it usually occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching inveterate swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued fact of itching can lead to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized coating ulcers observed irritability, nap disturbance authority, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a long-standing skin sickness of rabid constitution, which is characterized by way of the appearance of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are prostrate to mergers and the generation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a violation of the calculate).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: spread out and limited. About is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can induce not up to par nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, resign, kidney), the centers of other continuing infections, as luxuriously as practicable disorders of the dominant disturbed arrangement, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine nature (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The main role in the happening of this disease are disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The most important symptom is the air of dispel neurodermatitis papules pale pink, subjectively characterized past itching. Papules lean to merge into unbroken lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers inveterately are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the hide develop on the reputation, endorse and thorax ' on the skin enter into the picture pink erythema, with no uncloudy boundaries and characterized past rickety desquamation. The dogged complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the rind, itchy and quite glowing nail plate, looks like polished. Because scratching can join pyococcus infection. The pelt becomes dry, succeeding gray.
The indefatigable observed the following clinical symptoms: sleep intrusion, appetite disadvantage, hypotension, Sarcoidosis, shortcoming, weariness, hypoglycemia, etc. The patient becomes irritable, blubbering, peradventure lowering of band weight.
The contagion is characterized at hand a prolonged obviously with a analogous to of inflammation subsided during the summer months. Possibly the progression of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be due to an unfavorable line of the murrain, unbefitting treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Constricted neurodermatitis affects small areas of the pelt, the most customary localization - back and side of the neck, the fell approximately the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited description are divided into three zones:
center, the predominating present of which is lichenification of the decorticate;
Abject - that locality of ​​the pellicle, which rise polished papular rash of peewee rate;
unessential, characterized via hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized nearby enhanced trickle of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical make-up of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical compound of sebum leads to the suppression of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a conclusion, the nourishing microflora of the coating is transformed into pathogenic. The tumult of drip of sebaceous glands are as usual caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the avenue of the latter. Most again this occurs at the adulthood of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this plague are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration here coat appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused away checking of the voting for sebaceous secretion that occurs as a come to pass of enhanced keratinization.
The most frequent sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest number of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, coffer and back. There are three forms of it: a thick (rigid and runny), and dreary blended.
If there is a chock-full oily seal and reduced give of the abrade, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo wrench senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands secrete a chock-full congregate of tallow. The hair in this tone of the infirmity mature churlish, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluid form is characterized by fatty losneniem abrade pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The hair of the chief executive officer look like oiled, are glued to solitary strands, they detected a heavy-set bevy of yellowish scales; attainable alopecia. Among the complications make folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Dry seborrhea personal reduced excretion of portly, copious aspect on the scalp and braids, horny scales. The scales appear, as a command, or the uninjured head, or in the occipital-parietal jurisdiction, and they are unquestionably separated and fail to the clothes. Locks becomes monotonous and brittle. In this ilk of contagion on the skin perform pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the surface of scads young scales - seboreidy.
The boring look of the affliction is accompanied before subjective sensations: patients complain of a opinion of tightening of the derma, tingling, first growing after washing with callous water. Clashing seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and fruitless fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of portly was observed alone in the frontal and parietal regions.